The U.S. Supreme Court delivered a landmark ruling Wednesday (April 29) that significantly weakens a core protection of the Voting Rights Act, striking down Louisiana's second majority-Black congressional district and narrowing the law's ability to combat racial discrimination in elections.

In a 6-3 decision split along ideological lines, the court's conservative majority ruled in Louisiana v. Callais that the state's redrawn congressional map,which created two majority-Black districts, relied too heavily on race and amounted to an unconstitutional gerrymander.

Justice Samuel Alito wrote the majority opinion, arguing that evidence of racial discrimination in earlier maps was too weak to justify the race-conscious drawing of the new map. "Because the Voting Rights Act did not require Louisiana to create an additional majority-minority district, no compelling interest justified the State's use of race," Alito wrote. "That map is an unconstitutional gerrymander, and its use would violate the plaintiffs' constitutional rights."

The ruling centers on Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act (VRA), the provision that has broadly prohibited racial discrimination in voting since 1965. For decades, Section 2 allowed plaintiffs to challenge maps that had the effect of diluting minority voting power, even without proving discriminatory intent. Wednesday's decision effectively restores an intentionality requirement, making future challenges far harder to win.

Justice Elena Kagan read portions of her dissent aloud from the bench, a rare gesture that signals deep disagreement. Kagan wrote that the ruling renders Section 2 "all but a dead letter." She called Wednesday's decision "the latest chapter in the majority's now-completed demolition of the Voting Rights Act."

"The Voting Rights Act is — or, now more accurately, was — one of the most consequential, efficacious, and amply justified exercises of federal legislative power in our Nation's history," Kagan wrote. "Only they have the right to say it is no longer needed — not the Members of this Court."

Chief Justice John Roberts had previously described Louisiana's second majority-Black district as a "snake" stretching more than 200 miles to connect parts of the Shreveport, Alexandria, Lafayette, and Baton Rouge areas. The district is currently represented by Democrat Cleo Fields.

The road to Wednesday's ruling was long. After Louisiana lawmakers drew a congressional map in 2022 that gave Black voters a majority in only one of the state's six districts, despite Black residents making up about a third of Louisiana's population, a group of voters sued. A federal court agreed the original map violated Section 2 and ordered a new one with two majority-Black districts. Then a separate group of non-Black voters, backed by conservative legal organizations, challenged the remedial map as itself a form of racial discrimination.

The Supreme Court originally heard oral arguments in the case in spring 2025, but declined to issue a ruling and took the unusual step of ordering a rehearing. In October 2025, the justices asked broader questions about the VRA and its implementation before finally issuing Wednesday's decision.

The ruling's impact could extend well beyond Louisiana. Election law expert Nicholas Stephanopoulos has estimated that nearly 70 of the 435 congressional districts across the country are currently protected by Section 2. With those protections now weakened, states, particularly in the South, may be free to redraw maps in ways that reduce the political representation of Black and Latino voters.

Combined with the court's 2019 ruling in Common Cause v. Rucho, which held that courts cannot block partisan gerrymandering, Wednesday's decision effectively removes most legal obstacles to gerrymandering of any kind.

President Donald Trump had already sparked a nationwide redistricting fight aimed at boosting Republican electoral chances. The new ruling could provide Republicans an advantage in the battle to control the House of Representatives, potentially for years to come. It remains unclear whether the decision arrived early enough in the election cycle for Louisiana and other states to redraw maps before the 2026 midterm elections.